Type 2: This is the partial or total removal of the clitoral glans and the labia minora (the inner folds of the vulva), with or without removal of the labia majora (the outer folds of skin of the vulva). Type 1: This is the partial or total removal of the clitoral glans (the external and visible part of the clitoris, which is a sensitive part of the female genitals), and/or the prepuce/clitoral hood (the fold of skin surrounding the clitoral glans). Types of FGMįemale genital mutilation is classified into 4 major types:
WHO strongly urges health care providers not to perform FGM and has developed a global strategy and specific materials to support health care providers against medicalization.
In several settings, there is evidence suggesting greater involvement of health care providers in performing FGM due to the belief that the procedure is safer when medicalized. The practice also violates a person's rights to health, security and physical integrity the right to be free from torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment and the right to life, in instances when the procedure results in death. It is nearly always carried out by traditional practitioners on minors and is a violation of the rights of children. It reflects deep-rooted inequality between the sexes and constitutes an extreme form of discrimination against girls and women. The practice of FGM is recognized internationally as a violation of the human rights of girls and women. The practice has no health benefits for girls and women and cause severe bleeding and problems urinating, and later cysts, infections, as well as complications in childbirth and increased risk of newborn deaths. Female genital mutilation (FGM) comprises all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons.
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